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Sai Kishore, V.
- Transfersomes: A New Vesicular Carrier System in Topical Drug Delivery
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy , Bapatla, Guntur dist. Andhra Pradesh, IN
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy , Bapatla, Guntur dist. Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences, Vol 4, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 26-31Abstract
Molecules greater than 500 Da normally do not cross the skin. This prevents epicutaneous delivery of the high molecular weight therapeutics as well as non-invasive transcutaneous immunisation. Extremely deformable vesicles prepared by the judicious combination of several materials provide a solution to this problem: the resulting agent carriers, transfersomes, are the only tested colloidal system that can transport even large macromolecules spontaneously through the skin in immunologically active form. Transfersomes are applied in a non-occluded method to the skin and have been shown to permeate through the stratum corneum lipid lamellar regions as a result of the hydration or osmotic force in the skin. Transfersomes are made up of a phospholipids component along with a surfactant mixture. The uniqueness of this type of drug carrier system lies in the fact that it can accommodate hydrophilic, lipophilic as well as amphiphilic drugs. These drugs find place in different places in the elastic vesicle before they get delivered beneath the skin. Peripheral drug targeting, transdermal immunization can also be achieved with this type of drug delivery system. The Transfersomes are characterized for entrapment efficiency, Vesicle Diameter ,Vesicle size distribution and zeta potential, No. of vesicles per cubic mm ,Confocal scanning laser microscopy study ,Degree of deformability or permeability measurement ,Turbidity measurement Drug content : Surface charge and charge density, Penetration ability ,Occlusion effect, Physical stability, In-vitro drug release, Invitro Skin permeation Studies, etc. These carrier systems are preferred over other carrier systems, as these are biodegradable, biocompatable and nontoxic carrier with better potential for skin penetration and prolongation of drug release. They can act as a carrier for low as well as high molecular weight drugs e.g. analgesic, anesthetic, corticosteroids, sex hormone, anticancer, insulin, gap junction protein, and albumin.Keywords
Elastic Vesicles, Transfersomes, Permeation Flux, Stability Enhancer.
References
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- Shailesh T. Prajapati, Charmi G. Patel and et.al . Transfersomes: A Vesicular Carrier System For Transdermal Drug Delivery, Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research Issue 2 (Vol. 1) 2011.
- Jadupati Malakar , Suma Oomen Sen , Amit Kumar Naya . Formulation, optimization and evaluation of transferosomal gel for transdermal insulin delivery, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal (2012) 20, 355–363.
- Transdermal immunisation with anintegral membrane component, gap junction protein, by means of ultradeformable drug carriers, transfersomes Paul.A, G.Cevc and Bachhawat F, Vaccine 1998 Volume 16 N 2/3.
- Walve J.R, Bakliwal S.R, Rane B.R, Pawar S.P .transfersomes: a surrogated carrier for transdermal drug delivery system, International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, ISSN 0976-4550.
- Modi CD, Bharadia PD. Bechraji, et.al.Transfersomes: New Dominants for Transdermal Drug Delivery AJPTR. 2012; 2(3): 71-91
- Sahil M. Gavali, Sharad S. Pacharane, Kisan R. Jadhav . Clinical P Transfersome: A New Technique For Transdermal Drug Delivery. IJRPC 2011, 1(3) Jadhav et al.,ISSN: 22312781
- Patel R, Singh SK, Singh S,et.al . Development and Characterization of Curcumin Loaded Transfersome for Transdermal Delivery. J Pharm Sci Res 2009; 1(4):71-80.
- Sheo Datta Maurya, Shweta Aggarwal, Vijay Kumar Tilak . Enhanced Transdermal delivery of indinavir sulfate via transfersomes. Pharmacie Globale (IJCP) 2010; 1(06):1-7.
- Prajapati ST, Patel CG, Patel CN.Transfersomes: A Vesicular Carrier System for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Asian J Biochemical Pharma Res 2011; 1(2):507-524.
- Berge vanden BAI and Wertz PW, Junginger HE and Bouwstra JA. Elasticity of Vesicles Assessed by Electron Spin Resonance.Electron Microscopy and Extrusion Measurement. Int J Pharm.2001;217:13–24.
- Schatzlein A, Cevc G. Skin penetration by phospholipids vesicles, Transfersomes as visualized by means of the Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy, in characterization, metabolism, and novel biological applications. Champaign. AOCS Press 1995; 191-209.
- Planas M.E., Gonzalez.P, Rodriguez.L, et.al .Microencapsulation: Methods and Industrial Applications, Second Editio, Anesthesia and Analgesia., 1992,75, 615.
- Hafer.c, Goble.r, Deering.p, et.al .Transferosome: an enhancement approach for transdermal drug delivery system. Anticancer Res., 1999, 19(2c), 1505.
- Trotta.M, Peira.E, M. Gallarate et.al., Deformable liposomes as deposition and stability .International Journal of Pharmaceutics., 2004, 270, 119.
- Maghraby,.E.I, Williams.G.M and B. W. Barry., Skin delivery of oestradiol from lipid vesicles: importance of liposome structure.International Journal of Pharmaceutics., 2000,204, 159.
- Song Y.K and Kim C.K. Topical delivery of low-molecularweight heparin with surface-charged flexible liposomes. Biomaterials., 2006, 27, 271.
- Oh Y.K , Kim M.Y, Shin J.Y and et.al., Skin permeation of retinol in Tween 20-based deformable liposomes: in-vitro evaluation in human skin and keratinocyte models,.Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology., 2006,58, 161.
- Dubey.V, Mishra.D, Asthana.A and N. K. Jain. . Transdermal Delivery of a pineal Hormone: Melatonin via elastic liposome., Biomaterials; 2006, 27, 3491.
- Transfersome., Cited on 12th April 2011, http//www.wikipedia/Transfersome '
- Cevc.G, Blume.G and Schatzlein.A., Handbook of Non-Invasive Drug Delivery Systems: Science and Technology.Journal of Controlled Release., 1997, 45,211.
- Benson H.A,Expert Opin Drug Deliv., Transfersomes for transdermal drug delivery 2006, 6, 727.
- Xiao-Ying .L, Luo J.B, Yan Z.H, H. S. Rong and W. M. Huang., Preparation and in vitro evaluations of topically applied capsaicin transfersomes. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi., 2006, 31(12), 981
- Jalon, G.E. Ygartua, P., Santoyo, S., J Control Release. 2001, 75, 191-197
- Chapman.s.J, and Walsh.A; Arch. Dermatol Res., 1998, 282, 304..
- Hafer C, Goble R, Deering P,et.al., Formulation of interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha containing ultra deformable carriers for potential transdermal application, Anticancer Res., 1999; 19(2c):1505-7.
- Effect of Casting Solvent and Polymer on Permeability of Glipizide through Rate Controlling Membrane for Transdermal Use
Abstract Views :176 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, IN
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 180-183Abstract
In the present work, Eudragit RL100, Eudragit RLPO and Eudragit RS 100 films were prepared and evaluated as rate controlling membrane for transdermal drug delivery systems. Acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate were used as solvents in the preparation of films. Dibutyl phthalate at a concentration of 15% w/w of the polymer was used as a plasticizer in the preparation films. Casting on mercuric surface technique was employed for the preparation of films. The dry films were evaluated for physical appearance, thickness uniformity, folding endurance, water vapour transmission, drug diffusion and permeability coefficient. Both water vapour transmission and Drug diffusion rate followed zero order kinetics. The results obtained in the present study thus indicated that the polymers and solvents used in the preparation of films have shown significant influence on the water vapour transmission, drug diffusion and permeability of the films.Keywords
Polymer, Solvents, Water Vapour Transmission, Drug Diffusion and Permeability Coefficient.- Design and Development of Aloe vera Lotions and Determination of their Sun Protection Factor
Abstract Views :207 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, IN
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Topical and Cosmetic Sciences, Vol 2, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 65-69Abstract
Sun light causes damage to skin by inducing photoaging, photocarcinogenisis. Aloe vera is most popular in the treatment of dermatological disorders. In this study, in to the calamine lotion aloe gel (conventional lotion), a novel lotion containing freeze dried aloe powder beads and freeze dried aloe powder lotion were incorporated. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of novel lotion (freeze dried aloe powder beads and freeze dried aloe powder lotion) and conventional lotion (aloe gel). Aloe gel beads were prepared by using the ionic gelation technique. Beads were in spherical shape with a diameter of 0.510±0.143 mm. The novel, conventional lotion were evaluated for the colour, PH of preparation, sedimentation volume, redispersibility, spreadability, rheological, In vitro and In vivo sun protection factor(SPF). For conventional lotion SPF was found to be 6.39±0.1 where as for novel lotion containing freeze dried aloe powder beads SPF was found to be 13.52±0.21. It was found that novel lotion containing freeze dried aloe powder beads provides greater sunscreen protection than the conventional lotion. In vivo SPF values for novel lotion are higher than the conventional lotion.- Design and Development of Olanzapine Immediate Release Tablets by using Natural Super Disintegrant
Abstract Views :202 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur District, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur District, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 85-90Abstract
In the present study, natural gums (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis mucilage and Modified gum karaya) were investigated as superdisintegrants for use in immediate release tablet formulations containing olanzapine. Immediate release tablets of olanzapine were formulated using different concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5) of natural superdisintegrant viz; Hibiscus rosa - sinensis mucilage and modified gum karaya. Prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, disintegration time, wetting time and dissolution study. The formulated tablets had good appearance and better drug release properties. Modified gum karaya showed shorter disintegration time and showed 100% release is selected as optimized formulation. Immediate release tablet formulations containing modified gum karaya showed better dissolution efficiency property than the most widely used synthetic superdisintegrants. The dissolution rate followed first-order kinetics as the graphs drawn between log % drug unreleased vs time were found to be linear. The dissolution rate of Olanzapine was found to be effected by the concentration of the superdisintegrant used in the preparation of tablets. The formulation (F4) prepared with 5%w/w of modified gum karaya was offered relatively rapid release of Olanzapine when compared with other concentrations employed in this investigation. The difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) were calculated for marketed formulation and for formulations prepared with modified gum karaya. The difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) were found to be 12 and 68 respectively. Similarity factor (f2) is more than 50 and difference factor (f1) is less than 15, hence dissolution profiles are found to be similar.Keywords
Olanzapine, Modified Gum Karaya, Hibiscus Rosa-Sinesis, Crospovidone.- Design, Development and Evaluation of Solifenacin Succinate Tablets
Abstract Views :248 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla -522101, Guntur (District), Andhra Pradesh (State), IN
2 AKRG College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, A.P, IN
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla -522101, Guntur (District), Andhra Pradesh (State), IN
2 AKRG College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, A.P, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 7, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 111-117Abstract
Solifenacin Succinate is used in the treatment of over active bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and increased urinary frequency, and anti spasmodic. Solifenacin Succinate was launched in 2005 and has been shown in both short and long term clinical trials to fulfill these requirements. Solifenacin is a competitive M3 receptor antagonist with a long half-life (45-68 hours). It is available in two dosage strengths namely a 5 or 10 mg once-daily tablet. Ten different trial batches were carried out using different concentrations of excipients like binder (Methocel E5 premium LV), super disintegrant (sodium starch glycolate, cross carmellose sodium, cross povidone), lubricant (Magnesium stearate), glidant (Aerosil) by direct compression technique. The pre-compression parameters and post compression parameters of Solifenacin Succinate tablets were evaluated. The tablets were evaluated for in-vitro drug release studies. Based on similarity factor f2 cross povidone (1.17%), Methocel E5 premium LV (3%), Magnesium starate (1.47%), Aerosil (0.529%) was selected.Keywords
Solifenacin Succinate, Urinary Incontinence, Overactive Bladder, Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist, Direct Compression.- Natural Superdisintegrants:Changed Scenario and Latest Advances
Abstract Views :180 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, Andhra Pradesh, IN
1 Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 4, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 69-73Abstract
All pharmaceutical dosage forms contain many additives besides the active ingredients to assist manufacturing and to obtain the desired effect of the pharmaceutical active ingredients. The advances in drug delivery have simultaneously urged the discovery of novel excipients which are safe and fulfil specific functions and directly or indirectly influence the rate and extent of release and /or absorption. Superdisintegrants are added to oral solid dosage formulations to facilitate fast disintegration. The plant derived natural super disintegrants comply with many requirements of pharmaceutical excipients as they are non-toxic, stable, easily available, associated with less regulatory issues as compared to their synthetic counterpart and inexpensive; also these can be easily modified to meet the specific need. They can also be modified in different ways to obtain tailor-made materials for drug delivery systems and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Recent trend towards the use of plant based and natural products demands the replacement of synthetic additives with natural ones. Plant products nowadays are widely used as an alternative to synthetic products due to ease of local accessibility, lower prices as compared to synthetic products, biocompatible, biodegradable nature and environment friendly nature. Extensive swelling, porosity and wicking action of the natural material in the tablet formulation were found to be contributing its superdisintegrant action. This review discusses about the development and extraction of natural superdisintegrants for use in the rapidly disintegrating dosage forms.Keywords
Superdisintegrants, Natural Gum, Extraction, Purification, Pharmaceutical Application.- Development and Evaluation of Propranolol Hydrochloride Floating Matrix Tablets Using Combination of Natural and Synthetic Polymers
Abstract Views :170 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh- 522101, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-. 522101, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh- 522101, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-. 522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 6 (2011), Pagination: 276-280Abstract
In the present investigation, an attempt was made to formulate Propranolol hydrochloride sustained release floating matrix tablets using dried Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves mucilage and to study its release retardant activity in combination with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose grades. Different floating matrix tablets of Propranolol HCl were formulated. The floating matrix tablets found to have better uniformity of weight, hardness, friability and drug content. The swelling behavior, release rate characteristics and the invitro dissolution study proved that the dried Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves mucilage can be used as a matrix forming material for preparing sustained release floating matrix tablets. The release rate followed zero-order release kinetics and the data was fitted in the Peppas plots. The exponential coefficient from the Peppas plots was found to be in between 0.55 to 0.64, indicating non-fickian mechanism of drug release.Keywords
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaves Mucilage, Gastric Residence Time, Propranolol Hydrochloride, Floating Drug Delivery, Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose.- Formulation of Valsartan Fast Dissolving Tablets Using Novel Co Processed Superdisintegrants
Abstract Views :172 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, IN
2 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, IN
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, IN
2 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 4, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 52-55Abstract
The present investigation deals with formulation of valsartan fast dissolving tablets using co processed superdisintegrant. Crospovidone and SSG were used for preparation of co processed superdisintegrant by physical mixing and solvent evaporation method in three different ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). Six formulations are formulated with co processed superdisintegrant and are evaluated for weight variation, hardness, wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and dissolution studies and all formulations complies with pharmacoepial standards. Formulation made with co processed crospovidone and SSG in 1:1 ratio was found to be best out of all formulations. Present investigation concludes dissolution rate of valsartan fast dissolving tablets were influenced by ratios of individual superdisintegrants employed for co processed superdisintegrant and method used for preparation of co processed superdisintegrant (physical mixing vs solvent evaporation).Keywords
Valsartan, Crospovidone, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Co-Processing.- Niosomes-Promising Drug Carrier: A Review
Abstract Views :192 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh- 522101, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh- 522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 42-46Abstract
Niosomes or non-ionic surfactant vesicles are microscopic lamellar structures formed on admixture of non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol with subsequent hydration in aqueous media. The method of preparation of Niosome is based on liposome technology. The basic process of preparation is the same i.e. hydration by aqueous phase of the lipid phase which may be either a pure surfactant or a mixture of surfactant with cholesterol. Niosomes are having greater flexibility with respect to composition, fluidity and size. They can be designed based on desired situation. After preparing niosomal dispersion, unentrapped drug is separated by dialysis centrifugation or gel filtration. A method of in-vitro release rate study includes the use of dialysis tubing. Niosomes are unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles based on method of preparation. Niosomal drug delivery is potentially applicable to many pharmacological agents for their action against various diseases.Niosomes is most popular in targeted drug delivery. Niosomes are more stable than Liposomes.Keywords
Niosomes, Encapsulation, Surfactants, Vesicles.- Formulation and Evaluation of Simvastatin Solid Dispersions for Dissolution Rate Enhancement
Abstract Views :187 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 522101, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, 522101, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 5 (2011), Pagination: 210-214Abstract
Simvastatin (SIM) is a lipid lowering agent derived synthetically from a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. Simvastatin reversibly inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, which catalyzes a rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions (SDs) of Simvastatin were prepared to increase its aqueous solubility using carriers such as lactose, urea. Simvastatin SDs was prepared in 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 ratios of the drug to carrier (w/w). Solid dispersions were prepared by employing solvent evaporation and kneading methods. The prepared solid dispersion was evaluated for drug content, in vitro drug release studies and powder X- ray diffractometry. In vitro drug release profiles of all SDs were comparatively evaluated and also studied against pure Simvastatin. Faster dissolution was exhibited by solid dispersion prepared by solvent evaporation containing 1:4 ratio of Simvastatin: Urea. It was observed that kneading method was more effective than solvent evaporation. In vitro drug release studies revealed that there was progressive improvement in the drug release rate from solid dispersions systems compared to pure drug alone. The rate of drug release was depended on the type, ratio of drug to carrier and method of preparation of solid dispersions. The enhancement in dissolution rate of the drug may be due to increase in wettability, hydrophilic nature of the carrier and due to reduction in drug crystallinity.
Keywords
Solid Dispersions, Simvastatin, Solubility, Carrier, Solvent Evaporation, Kneading Method.- Development and Evaluation of Floating Matrix Tablets of Propranolol HCl
Abstract Views :184 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 67-72Abstract
In the present investigation, an attempt was made to formulate floating matrix tablets of Propranolol HCl using tamarind gum (Tamarind Kernel Powder) with HPMC 50, HPMC K100M as release modifier. Twelve batches of floating matrix tablets of Propranolol HCl were prepared by using different drug : polymer (Propranolol HCl : HPMC 50+Tamarind gum) ratios viz. F1 (1:1), F2 (1:2), F3 (1:4), F4 (1:6), F5 (1:8), F6 (1:10) and drug : polymer (Propranolol HCl : HPMC K100M+Tamarind gum) ratios viz.F7 (1:1), F8 (1:2), F9 (1:4), F10 (1:6), F11(1:8), F12(1:10). The compressed tablets were evaluated for hardness, uniformity of weight, friability, drug content, buoyancy lag time and duration of buoyancy. All the readings are within the prescribed limits. There was no interaction between the drug, polymer and excipients it was found out by IR studies. Swelling index studies were also carried out. The in vitro release data were fitted to different order of reactions such as zero order, first order, Higuchi's reaction and Korsmeyer-Peppas reaction. It was found that, the drug release follows Korsmeyer-Peppas reaction.Keywords
Tamarind Kernel Powder (Tamarind Gum), Gastric Residence Time, Propranolol Hydrochloride, Floating Drug Delivery, Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose.- An Overview on Various Approaches for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems
Abstract Views :182 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 107-116Abstract
In recent years scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of controlled release oral drug delivery systems by overcoming physiological adversities like short gastric residence times and unpredictable gastric emptying times. To overcome these limitations, gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), have been developed to increase gastric residence of drug delivery systems in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. GRDDS can improve the controlled delivery of drugs that have an absorption window by continuously releasing the drug for a prolonged period of time before it reaches its absorption site, thus ensuring its optimal bioavailability. This article provides the classification of gastroretentive systems, formulation considerations for developing gastroretentive systems, factors affecting gastroretentive systems such as density, size, shape, single or multiple unit formulations, fed or unfed state, nature of meal, caloric content, frequency of feed, gender, age, posture, concomitant drug administration and biological factors limelight this article.Keywords
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS), Floating Systems, Bioadhesive Systems, Hydrodynamically Balanced Systems (HBS), Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT).- Formulation and Evaluation of Simvastatin Solid Dispersions for Dissolution Rate Enhancement
Abstract Views :172 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 152-156Abstract
Simvastatin (SIM) is a lipid lowering agent derived synthetically from a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. Simvastatin reversibly inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, which catalyzes a rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions (SDs) of Simvastatin were prepared to increase its aqueous solubility using carriers such as lactose, urea. Simvastatin SDs was prepared in 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 ratios of the drug to carrier (w/w). Solid dispersions were prepared by employing solvent evaporation and kneading methods. The prepared solid dispersion was evaluated for drug content, in vitro drug release studies and powder X- ray diffractometry. In vitro drug release profiles of all SDs were comparatively evaluated and also studied against pure Simvastatin. Faster dissolution was exhibited by solid dispersion prepared by solvent evaporation containing 1:4 ratio of Simvastatin: Urea. It was observed that kneading method was more effective than solvent evaporation. In vitro drug release studies revealed that there was progressive improvement in the drug release rate from solid dispersions systems compared to pure drug alone. The rate of drug release was depended on the type, ratio of drug to carrier and method of preparation of solid dispersions. The enhancement in dissolution rate of the drug may be due to increase in wettability, hydrophilic nature of the carrier and due to reduction in drug crystallinity.Keywords
Solid Dispersions, Simvastatin, Solubility, Carrier, Solvent Evaporation, Kneading Method.- Formulation and Evaluation of Extended Release Tablets of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride
Abstract Views :177 |
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Authors
G. Nalini
1,
V. Sai Kishore
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla- 522101, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla- 522101, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 6 (2010), Pagination: 384-387Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop extended-release matrix tablets of highly water-soluble alfuzosin hydrochloride using different viscosity grades of Hydrxy propyl methyl cellulose polymers by wet granulation method. The influence of three granulating fluids viz. water, dichloromethane: ethanol and isopropyl alcohol on release rate of alfuzosin hydrochloride were studied with a view to design and development of once daily formulations of alfuzosin hydrochloride. The tablets were analysed to determine their hardness, friability, drug content and an in vitro release study was carried out. The dissolution profile indicated that the drug release was found to be influenced by the polymer and granulating fluid employed in the formulation. Based on release rate the polymers can be rated as HPMC K100M > HPMC K15M> HPMC K4M. Based on the dissolution rate the granulating fluids can be rated as water>dichloromethane: ethanol> isopropyl alcohol. The dissolution profiles followed first order kinetics and the mechanism of drug release was governed by peppas model. The n values are found to be more than 0.5 (n>0.5) indicted that the drug release was predominantly controlled by non fickian diffusion. Thus this study clearly indicates that Alfuzosin hydrochloride tablets formulated with HPMC K100M polymer by employing water as granulating fluid is more suitable to design the extended release formulation of alfuzosin hydrochloride matrix tablets for 24 hours.Keywords
Alfuzosin Hydrochloride , HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, HPMC K4M.- Influence of Soapnut Powder on the Permeability of Eudragit RL100 Free Films for Transdermal Use
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur Dist-522415, A.P., IN
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur Dist-522415, A.P., IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vol 5, No 6 (2013), Pagination: 284-287Abstract
The influence of Soapnut on the permeability of Eudragit RL100 films was studied with a view to develop a suitable rate controlling membranes for transdermal use. Dibutyl phthalate was incorporated at a concentration of 15% w/w of dry polymer as plasticizer. The dry free films were evaluated for various mechanical properties further the permeability characteristics of free films was studied using propranalol hydrochloride and diltiazem hydrochloride as model drugs. Both water vapour transmission and drug diffusion rate followed zero order kinetics. The soapnut powder showed a significant influence on the mechanical as well as permeability characteristics. This may be due to difference in the affinity of soapnut with the film former. From this study it was concluded that the plasticized free films of Eudragit RL100 prepared with soapnut can be used as rate controlling membranes to develop transdermal drug delivery systems.Keywords
Soapnut, Eudragit RL100, Dibutyl Phthalate, Permeability, Diffusion.- Aloe Vera-A Review
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Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, Andhra Pradesh, IN
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla-522101, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vol 4, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 119-123Abstract
Aloe vera is a perennial, drought-resisting, succulent plant belonging to the Liliaceae family which, historically has been used for a variety of medicinal purposes. It has a vast traditional role in indigenous system of medicine like ayurveda, siddha, unani and homoeopathy. As a result of its use as folk medicine, it is claimed that aloe vera has wound and burn healing properties, antifungal activity, hypoglycemic or antidiabetic effects anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory and gastroprotective properties. Aloe vera is used in a variety of commercial products because of these therapeutic properties. The known biological activities of A. vera were briefly discussed and also further highlighted recently discovered effects and applications of the leaf gel. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological properties, Industrial processing technique and Industrial uses. With technological developments in the field of analytical chemistry it has become easier to isolate and characterise the chemical components of the leaf gel and it is expected that more information in this regard will become available in the future at a faster rate. More applications are discovered as research from different viewpoints is conducted on this versatile plant to provide a better understanding of its composition and effects. Further research needs to be done to unravel the myth surrounding the biological activity and the exploitation of aloe constituents.Keywords
Aloe Vera, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, Cosmetic, Pharmaceutical, Food Industries.- Influence of Solvents on Entrapment Efficiency and Drug Release rate of Propranolol Hydrochloride from Ethyl Cellulose Microcapsules
Abstract Views :178 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla -522101, IN
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla -522101, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 4, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 143-146Abstract
The influence of solubility of drug in the dispersed phase (Acetone: Water Mixtures) employed in the preparation on the entrapment efficiency and drug release from ethyl cellulose microcapsules was studied. Propranolol hydrochloride was used as core and microcapsules were prepared by an emulsion solvent evaporation method. All the solvents gave discrete, large sized, free flowing spherical microcapsules. The microcapsules were evaluated for size analysis, drug content, microencapsulation efficiency, wall thickness, drug release characteristics, influence of solvent employed on entrapment efficiency and Propranolol hydrochloride release from microcapsules, surface characteristics. Propranolol hydrochloride release from the microcapsules, followed zero order kinetics and influenced by the size of the microcapsules and the solvent employed in their preparation. The Propranolol hydrochloride release rate from the microcapsules was found to be decreased with increased proportion of water in the dispersed phase. Among the solvents employed acetone: water mixture (92.5% v/v : 7.5% v/v) was found to be more suitable for slow release of Propranolol hydrochloride from ethyl cellulose microcapsules.